Maths Notes Class 6 Chapter 4 Ganita Prakash

Data Handling and Presentation

What is Data?

• Data is a collection of facts, numbers, measurements, or observations that provide information about something.
• Examples: A list of favorite colors in a class or the weight of students.

Collecting and Organizing Data

• You can gather data by asking people questions (e.g., asking classmates about their favorite game).
• Once data is collected, it needs to be organized for easy understanding, often in tables or lists.

Tally Marks

• A simple way to record and organize data.
• For every group of five, use four vertical lines and a diagonal line through them.

Pictographs

• A visual way to represent data using symbols or pictures.
• Each symbol in a pictograph can represent one or more units of the data.
• Example: One symbol of a bus can represent 5 students who use the bus for transport.

Bar Graphs

• A type of graph that uses rectangular bars to represent data.
• The length or height of each bar shows the frequency or amount of data.
• Bars can be drawn vertically or horizontally, with equal gaps between them.

Choosing the Right Scale

• In graphs, choosing a scale (e.g., 1 unit = 10 students) is important for accuracy and clarity.

Arranging Data in Ascending Order

• Helps in identifying patterns, such as the smallest or largest values easily.

Frequency Distribution Table

• A table that shows how often each value occurs.
• Useful for summarizing large amounts of data.

Bar Graph Construction

• Steps to make a bar graph:
  1. Draw two lines (horizontal and vertical).
  2. Label one axis with categories (e.g., games, sweets) and the other with frequencies (e.g., number of students).
  3. Choose a scale and draw bars accordingly.