MCQ Class 12 History Chapter 4 Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings Cultural Developments

11. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(a) Buddhist texts mention as many as 66 sects or schools of thought.
(b) Debates about the validity of the philosophy or the way these sects understood the world, took place in the kutagarashalas in villages.
(c) Many teachers of these sects such as Mahavira and Buddha questioned the authority of the Vedas.
(d) They also emphasised individual agency– suggesting that men and women could strive to attain liberation from the trials and tribulations of worldly existence.

12. There were several pre-existing traditions of thought, religious belief and practice, including the early Vedic tradition, known from the Rigveda. Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding the sacrificial tradition of Rigveda?
1. The Rigveda consists of hymns in praise of a variety of deities, especially Agni, Indra and Varuna.
2. Many of these hymns were chanted when sacrifices were performed, where people prayed for cattle, sons, good health, long life, etc.
3. At first, sacrifices were performed by the heads of households for the well-being of the domestic unit.
4. More elaborate sacrifices, such as the rajasuya and ashvamedha, were performed by chiefs and kings who depended on Brahmana priests to conduct the ritual.