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Vocabulary

Root word,Prefix and Suffix Vocabulary in Hindi

मूल शब्द (Root Word):

मूल शब्द वह शब्द होता है, जिसमें किसी भी प्रकार का उपसर्ग या प्रत्यय नहीं जुड़ा होता। यह शब्द स्वयं में पूर्ण अर्थ व्यक्त करता है।

उदाहरण:

  • संग्रह → एकत्र करने के लिए → संग्रहण, संग्रहित, संकलन
  • निर्माण → बनाने के लिए → निर्माता, निर्माणकर्ता, निर्माणाधीन
  • समस्या → हल करने के लिए → समाधान, समस्याग्रस्त, समस्या समाधान
  • उत्साह → प्रेरित करने के लिए → उत्साहित, उत्साही, उत्साहवर्धक
  • प्रभाव → प्रभावित करने के लिए → प्रभावित, प्रभावशाली, प्रभावक
  • सपना → देखने के लिए → सपने देखना, सपना देखना, सपनावादी
  • सहायता → मदद करने के लिए → सहायक, सहायता देना, सहायक कार्य
  • शक्ति → शक्तिशाली बनाने के लिए → शक्तिशाली, शक्ति वर्धन, शक्तिमान
  • यात्रा → जाने के लिए → यात्री, यात्रा करना, यात्रा मार्ग
  • संसार → जीने के लिए → संसारिक, संसारवासी, संसारधार

उपसर्ग (Prefix):

उपसर्ग वह शब्दांश होते हैं जो किसी शब्द के पहले जुड़कर नए अर्थ का निर्माण करते हैं। उपसर्ग शब्द के अर्थ में बदलाव लाते हैं।

उदाहरण:

  • अ + विकसित = अविकसित (अर्थ: विकसित नहीं)
  • अ + सकारात्मक = असकारात्मक (अर्थ: नकारात्मक)

प्रमुख उपसर्ग:

  • अ, अन, अति, अप, अभ, पर, निर, आदि।

प्रत्यय (Suffix):

प्रत्यय वह शब्दांश होते हैं जो किसी शब्द के अंत में जुड़कर नए शब्द का निर्माण करते हैं। प्रत्यय शब्द के अर्थ या गुण में परिवर्तन करते हैं।

उदाहरण:

  • खिल + ाड़ी = खिलाड़ी (अर्थ: जो खेलता है)
  • संग + ी = संगी (अर्थ: साथ देने वाला)

प्रमुख प्रत्यय:

  • इय, य, क, ए, इन, आ, आदि।

Root word,Prefix and Suffix Vocabulary in English

What is a Root Word?

A root word is the primary word that holds the main meaning, which can be expanded with the addition of prefixes and suffixes.

List of Root Words with Examples

  • “aud” – Hear: Audio, Audience, Audible
  • “bene” – Good/Well: Benefit, Benevolent, Beneficial
  • “chron” – Time: Chronology, Chronic, Synchronize
  • “cide” – Kill: Homicide, Suicide, Genocide
  • “geo” – Earth: Geography, Geology, Geometry
  • “meter/metr” – Measure: Thermometer, Perimeter, Barometer
  • “micro” – Small: Microscope, Microbe, Microbiology
  • “path” – Feeling/Disease: Sympathy, Empathy, Pathology
  • “phon” – Sound: Telephone, Phonetics, Symphony
  • “photo” – Light: Photograph, Photosynthesis, Photogenic
  • “rupt” – Break: Interrupt, Erupt, Corrupt
  • “scrib/script” – Write: Scribble, Inscription, Description
  • “spec” – Look/See: Spectator, Inspect, Perspective
  • “struct” – Build: Structure, Construct, Destruction
  • “vid/vis” – See: Video, Vision, Invisible
  • “therm” – Heat: Thermometer, Thermal, Thermostat
  • “tract” – Drag/Draw: Attract, Tractor, Contract
  • “vac” – Empty: Vacuum, Vacant, Evacuate
  • “ven/vent” – Come: Convene, Adventure, Prevent
  • “volv” – Roll/Turn: Revolve, Evolve, Involve
  • “logy” – Study: Biology, Zoology, Archaeology

Prefix:

A prefix is a set of letters that is added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning.

Examples of Prefixes:

  • Un- (not) → Unhappy (not happy)
  • Re- (again) → Replay (to play again)
  • Dis- (opposite) → Disagree (to not agree)
  • Pre- (before) → Prehistoric (before history)

List of Common Prefixes:

  1. Un- (not): Unhappy, Unclear, Unlikely
  2. Re- (again): Rewrite, Rebuild, Revisit
  3. Dis- (opposite): Disconnect, Dislike, Disapprove
  4. Sub- (under, below): Subway, Submarine, Substandard
  5. Pre- (before): Preview, Predict, Precede

Suffix:

A suffix is a set of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning or function.

Examples of Suffixes:

  • -ful (full of) → Beautiful (full of beauty)
  • -less (without) → Fearless (without fear)
  • -able (capable of) → Readable (capable of being read)
  • -er (person who) → Teacher (a person who teaches)

List of Common Suffixes:

  1. -ful (full of): Joyful, Hopeful, Successful
  2. -less (without): Hopeless, Careless, Fearless
  3. -able (capable of): Enjoyable, Comfortable, Understandable
  4. -er (person who does something): Singer, Teacher, Worker
  5. -ment (action or process): Achievement, Improvement, Development

Combining Prefixes & Suffixes:

A root word can be combined with both a prefix and a suffix to create a more complex word.

Example:

  • Root word: Act
    • Prefix: Re- → React (to respond to something)
    • Suffix: -ion → Action (the process of doing something)
    • Both Prefix & Suffix: Re- + Act + -ion → Reaction (the process of responding to something)

Practice Question:

  1. Choose the correct meaning of the word “Disillusion”
    a) A state of having beliefs
    b) The process of losing hope
    c) A belief that something is true
    d) A dream-like state
    Answer: b) The process of losing hope
  2. What is the suffix in the word “Happiness”?
    a) -ness
    b) -ful
    c) -less
    d) -able
    Answer: a) -ness
  3. Choose the word with the correct prefix to complete the sentence:
    “She is an ___professional.”

    a) un-
    b) pre-
    c) dis-
    d) re-
    Answer: a) un-
  4. Which word is formed by adding the correct suffix to the root word “love”?
    a) Lovely
    b) Loveless
    c) Loveable
    d) All of the above
    Answer: d) All of the above
  5. What is the root word in “Unhappiness”?
    a) Happy
    b) Un
    c) Ness
    d) None of the above
    Answer: a) Happy
  6. Choose the word that has a prefix: “He was an __important person in the meeting.”
    a) Re
    b) Un
    c) Pre
    d) Sub
    Answer: b) Un
  7. The word “Misinterpret” contains the prefix “mis-“. What does “mis-” mean?
    a) Completely
    b) Incorrectly
    c) Repeatedly
    d) Before
    Answer: b) Incorrectly
  8. Choose the correct word formed by adding the appropriate suffix:
    “Her actions were ____ and admirable.”

    a) Successful
    b) Success
    c) Succeed
    d) Succeeding
    Answer: a) Successful
  9. Which of the following words is formed by adding a suffix?
    a) Unbelievable
    b) Unknown
    c) Rebuild
    d) Dislike
    Answer: a) Unbelievable
  10. Which of the following words is formed by adding a prefix and suffix?
    a) Playable
    b) Unbelievable
    c) Enjoyable
    d) Reassurance
    Answer: b) Unbelievable

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