Vocabulary

Root word,Prefix and Suffix Vocabulary in Hindi

मूल शब्द (Root Word):

मूल शब्द वह शब्द होता है, जिसमें किसी भी प्रकार का उपसर्ग या प्रत्यय नहीं जुड़ा होता। यह शब्द स्वयं में पूर्ण अर्थ व्यक्त करता है।

उदाहरण:

• संग्रह → एकत्र करने के लिए → संग्रहण, संग्रहित, संकलन
• निर्माण → बनाने के लिए → निर्माता, निर्माणकर्ता, निर्माणाधीन
• समस्या → हल करने के लिए → समाधान, समस्याग्रस्त, समस्या समाधान
• उत्साह → प्रेरित करने के लिए → उत्साहित, उत्साही, उत्साहवर्धक
• प्रभाव → प्रभावित करने के लिए → प्रभावित, प्रभावशाली, प्रभावक
• सपना → देखने के लिए → सपने देखना, सपना देखना, सपनावादी
• सहायता → मदद करने के लिए → सहायक, सहायता देना, सहायक कार्य
• शक्ति → शक्तिशाली बनाने के लिए → शक्तिशाली, शक्ति वर्धन, शक्तिमान
• यात्रा → जाने के लिए → यात्री, यात्रा करना, यात्रा मार्ग
• संसार → जीने के लिए → संसारिक, संसारवासी, संसारधार

उपसर्ग (Prefix):

उपसर्ग वह शब्दांश होते हैं जो किसी शब्द के पहले जुड़कर नए अर्थ का निर्माण करते हैं। उपसर्ग शब्द के अर्थ में बदलाव लाते हैं।

उदाहरण:

• अ + विकसित = अविकसित (अर्थ: विकसित नहीं)
• अ + सकारात्मक = असकारात्मक (अर्थ: नकारात्मक)

प्रमुख उपसर्ग:

• अ, अन, अति, अप, अभ, पर, निर, आदि।

प्रत्यय (Suffix):

प्रत्यय वह शब्दांश होते हैं जो किसी शब्द के अंत में जुड़कर नए शब्द का निर्माण करते हैं। प्रत्यय शब्द के अर्थ या गुण में परिवर्तन करते हैं।

उदाहरण:

• खिल + ाड़ी = खिलाड़ी (अर्थ: जो खेलता है)
• संग + ी = संगी (अर्थ: साथ देने वाला)

प्रमुख प्रत्यय:

• इय, य, क, ए, इन, आ, आदि।

Root word,Prefix and Suffix Vocabulary in English

What is a Root Word?

A root word is the primary word that holds the main meaning, which can be expanded with the addition of prefixes and suffixes.

List of Root Words with Examples

• “aud” – Hear: Audio, Audience, Audible
• “bene” – Good/Well: Benefit, Benevolent, Beneficial
• “chron” – Time: Chronology, Chronic, Synchronize
• “cide” – Kill: Homicide, Suicide, Genocide
• “geo” – Earth: Geography, Geology, Geometry
• “meter/metr” – Measure: Thermometer, Perimeter, Barometer
• “micro” – Small: Microscope, Microbe, Microbiology
• “path” – Feeling/Disease: Sympathy, Empathy, Pathology
• “phon” – Sound: Telephone, Phonetics, Symphony
• “photo” – Light: Photograph, Photosynthesis, Photogenic
• “rupt” – Break: Interrupt, Erupt, Corrupt
• “scrib/script” – Write: Scribble, Inscription, Description
• “spec” – Look/See: Spectator, Inspect, Perspective
• “struct” – Build: Structure, Construct, Destruction
• “vid/vis” – See: Video, Vision, Invisible
• “therm” – Heat: Thermometer, Thermal, Thermostat
• “tract” – Drag/Draw: Attract, Tractor, Contract
• “vac” – Empty: Vacuum, Vacant, Evacuate
• “ven/vent” – Come: Convene, Adventure, Prevent
• “volv” – Roll/Turn: Revolve, Evolve, Involve
• “logy” – Study: Biology, Zoology, Archaeology

Prefix:

A prefix is a set of letters that is added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning.

Examples of Prefixes:

• Un- (not) → Unhappy (not happy)
• Re- (again) → Replay (to play again)
• Dis- (opposite) → Disagree (to not agree)
• Pre- (before) → Prehistoric (before history)

List of Common Prefixes:

1. Un- (not): Unhappy, Unclear, Unlikely
2. Re- (again): Rewrite, Rebuild, Revisit
3. Dis- (opposite): Disconnect, Dislike, Disapprove
4. Sub- (under, below): Subway, Submarine, Substandard
5. Pre- (before): Preview, Predict, Precede

Suffix:

A suffix is a set of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning or function.

Examples of Suffixes:

• -ful (full of) → Beautiful (full of beauty)
• -less (without) → Fearless (without fear)
• -able (capable of) → Readable (capable of being read)
• -er (person who) → Teacher (a person who teaches)

List of Common Suffixes:

1. -ful (full of): Joyful, Hopeful, Successful
2. -less (without): Hopeless, Careless, Fearless
3. -able (capable of): Enjoyable, Comfortable, Understandable
4. -er (person who does something): Singer, Teacher, Worker
5. -ment (action or process): Achievement, Improvement, Development

Combining Prefixes & Suffixes:

A root word can be combined with both a prefix and a suffix to create a more complex word.

Example:

• Root word: Act
  • Prefix: Re- → React (to respond to something)
  • Suffix: -ion → Action (the process of doing something)
  • Both Prefix & Suffix: Re- + Act + -ion → Reaction (the process of responding to something)

Practice Question:

1. Choose the correct meaning of the word “Disillusion”
   a) A state of having beliefs
   b) The process of losing hope
   c) A belief that something is true
   d) A dream-like state
   Answer: b) The process of losing hope
2. What is the suffix in the word “Happiness”?
   a) -ness
   b) -ful
   c) -less
   d) -able
   Answer: a) -ness
3. Choose the word with the correct prefix to complete the sentence:
   “She is an ___professional.”
   a) un-
   b) pre-
   c) dis-
   d) re-
   Answer: a) un-
4. Which word is formed by adding the correct suffix to the root word “love”?
   a) Lovely
   b) Loveless
   c) Loveable
   d) All of the above
   Answer: d) All of the above
5. What is the root word in “Unhappiness”?
   a) Happy
   b) Un
   c) Ness
   d) None of the above
   Answer: a) Happy
6. Choose the word that has a prefix: “He was an __important person in the meeting.”
   a) Re
   b) Un
   c) Pre
   d) Sub
   Answer: b) Un
7. The word “Misinterpret” contains the prefix “mis-“. What does “mis-” mean?
   a) Completely
   b) Incorrectly
   c) Repeatedly
   d) Before
   Answer: b) Incorrectly
8. Choose the correct word formed by adding the appropriate suffix:
   “Her actions were ____ and admirable.”
   a) Successful
   b) Success
   c) Succeed
   d) Succeeding
   Answer: a) Successful
9. Which of the following words is formed by adding a suffix?
   a) Unbelievable
   b) Unknown
   c) Rebuild
   d) Dislike
   Answer: a) Unbelievable
10. Which of the following words is formed by adding a prefix and suffix?
    a) Playable
    b) Unbelievable
    c) Enjoyable
    d) Reassurance
    Answer: b) Unbelievable