Question Answers For All Chapters – History Class 9
Exercise
1. (A) Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the statements.
- Dr. Homi Bhabha was named as the first Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission. (Option a)
- Apple was the first completely indigenous communication satellite made by ISRO. (Option d)
(B) Identify and write the wrong pair:
- Wrong Pair: (2) Agni – surface to underwater ballistic missile
- Correction: Agni is a surface-to-surface ballistic missile.
2. (A) Complete the activity as per the given instruction. Prepare a timeline of the progress of India in science and technology
| Year Range | Major Achievements |
|---|---|
| 1961-1970 | First successful rocket launch (1961) |
| 1971-1980 | First nuclear test at Pokhran (1974) |
| 1981-1990 | Launch of INSAT-1B satellite (1983) |
| 1991-2000 | Restructuring of the Department of Telecommunications (2000) |
(B) Write short notes on-
1) Space Research
- India’s space research began with the establishment of the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) in 1962. Later, ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) was founded in 1969 to develop space technology. India launched its first satellite, Aryabhata, in 1975. ISRO has since developed many satellites and space missions, including Chandrayaan, Mangalyaan, and Gaganyaan.
2) Telex Service
- Telex was an early telecommunication service used for sending written messages quickly. It was commonly used in government offices, banks, and businesses before emails and fax machines became popular. The service helped in fast and secure long-distance communication but was later replaced by modern digital technologies.
3) Pokhran Nuclear Test
- India conducted its first nuclear test in Pokhran, Rajasthan, in 1974, under the leadership of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. It was a step toward self-reliance in nuclear technology and helped India become a nuclear power. A second series of tests, Pokhran-II, was conducted in 1998, making India a recognized nuclear nation.
4) Bhaskar-1 Satellite
- Bhaskar-1 was India’s first remote sensing satellite, launched in 1979. It was used for land and water resources management, agriculture, and environmental studies. The satellite provided valuable images and data to help in scientific research and disaster management.
3. Explain the following statements with reasons:
1) Pandit Nehru established the Atomic Energy Commission.
- Pandit Nehru set up the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) in 1948 to develop nuclear energy. He wanted India to use nuclear power for electricity, medicine, and defense. This led to India’s first nuclear reactor, Apsara, in 1956.
2) India decided to conduct nuclear tests.
- India conducted nuclear tests in 1974 and 1998 to become self-reliant in defense. These tests helped India develop nuclear weapons and energy technology. It also strengthened national security and global position.
3) USA imposed economic sanctions on India.
- After India’s 1998 nuclear tests, the USA stopped financial aid and trade. These sanctions aimed to pressure India to stop nuclear programs. However, India continued its scientific and defense progress independently.
4. Answer the following questions in detail.
1) Which of the everyday services are influenced by satellite technology?
- Satellite technology helps in communication, weather forecasting, GPS navigation, and television broadcasting. It is also used for disaster management, agriculture, and scientific research. Mobile networks and internet services also depend on satellites.
2) Why is Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam called the ‘Missile Man’?
- Dr. Kalam played a key role in developing India’s missile technology. He contributed to the Agni and Prithvi missile projects, making India self-reliant in defense. His work in ISRO and DRDO made him a national hero.
3) How can one do computerized reservation for rail travel?
- Railway tickets can be booked online using IRCTC (Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation). Passengers enter details like train name, destination, and date on the website or mobile app. Payment is made digitally, and the ticket is sent via SMS or email.
4) Write the key features of Konkan Railway.
- Konkan Railway connects Maharashtra, Goa, and Karnataka along the western coast. It has long tunnels, high bridges, and scenic routes through mountains and rivers. It is one of India’s most important railway projects, reducing travel time.
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