Notes For All Chapters – History Class 9
1. Introduction
- Industries and trade are important for a country’s economic development.
- After independence, India focused on industrialization to become self-sufficient.
- The government established various organizations to promote industries.
2. Major Industries in India
(A) Textile Industry
- One of the largest industries in India, contributing 14% of total industrial production.
- Includes cotton, silk, wool, and synthetic textiles.
- The Textile Committee Act (1963) was passed to improve textile quality.
(B) Silk Industry
- The government promotes silk production through the Ministry of Textiles.
- The Seribiotic Research Laboratory in Bengaluru conducts research.
- Major silk-producing states: Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Jammu & Kashmir.
(C) Jute Industry
- India is the largest producer of jute.
- Jute is used to make bags, ropes, and mats.
- India exports jute products to other countries.
(D) Automobile Industry
- One of the fastest-growing industries in India.
- Known as the “Sunrise Sector” due to rapid growth.
- India is the largest producer of tractors in the world.
- Major automobile manufacturers: Tata, Mahindra, Maruti Suzuki, Hero Motors.
(E) Cement Industry
- Essential for construction and infrastructure.
- One of the most technologically advanced industries in India.
(F) Leather Industry
- A major industry that produces shoes, bags, and belts.
- A large part of India’s leather products are exported.
(G) Salt Industry
- India produces around 200 lakh tons of salt every year.
- 60 lakh tons of this is iodized salt.
- Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Rajasthan are the largest salt-producing states.
(H) Bicycle Industry
- India is a leading producer of bicycles in the world.
- Ludhiana (Punjab) is the main center for bicycle manufacturing.
(I) Khadi and Village Industry
- Encourages small-scale industries in villages.
- Provides employment to rural people.
- The Khadi and Village Industries Commission was set up to promote local products.
3. Agriculture and Industry
- Agriculture is India’s largest occupation, supporting industries like textiles and food processing.
- The government promotes drip irrigation, organic farming, and financial support to farmers.
- Banks provide loans for farmers to buy seeds, fertilizers, and equipment.
4. Government Policies for Industry Growth
(A) Industrial Development Plans
- The Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969-1974) focused on industries like pharmaceuticals, textiles, and food processing.
- The Industrial Licensing Policy (1970) encouraged large industries and foreign investments.
(B) Support for Small-Scale Industries
- The government provides loans, training, and technical help to small industries.
- Special focus on handicrafts, pottery, and weaving industries.
5. Natural Resources and Industries
(A) Mineral Wealth
- India has large deposits of iron, manganese, coal, and mineral oil.
- These minerals are important for steel, energy, and automobile industries.
(B) Forest Resources
- Forests provide wood, medicinal plants, and raw materials for industries like paper, construction, and furniture.
- Conservation policies help protect forests from overuse.
(C) Fisheries
- India has a large fishing industry with seawater and freshwater fish farming.
- Major fishing harbors are in Gujarat, Kerala, West Bengal, and Tamil Nadu.
- Modern incubation centers and training programs help in fish farming.
6. Tourism Industry
- Tourism is an important part of India’s economy.
- India attracts tourists because of its historical monuments, religious sites, and natural beauty.
- The Tourism Development Corporation provides facilities like hotels, transport, and guides.
- Tourism generates employment in hotels, restaurants, and handicraft businesses.
7. Trade in India
(A) Import and Export
- India imports machines, mineral oil, fertilizers, and medicines.
- India exports tea, coffee, spices, textiles, leather, and diamonds.
(B) Internal Trade
- Goods are transported across India through railways, roads, waterways, and airways.
- Major ports include Mumbai, Kolkata, Cochin, Chennai, and Visakhapatnam.
8. Impact of Industrial Growth
1. Economic Growth – Industries increase national income.
2. Employment Generation – Industries create jobs for millions of people.
3. Better Standard of Living – Industrial products improve the quality of life.
4. Self-Sufficiency – India reduces dependency on foreign imports.
5. Urbanization – Industrial development leads to the growth of cities.
Leave a Reply