Questions Answers For All Chapters – Geography Class 9th
Exercise
Q1. Suggest measures for the following problems:
(A) The slums in the cities are increasing.
- Build affordable houses for poor people.
- Provide jobs to migrated workers so they can earn money.
- Give basic facilities like water and toilets in slum areas.
- Stop illegal settlements by planning better housing.
- Educate people about living in proper homes.
(B) Because of the increasing traffic jams within the city, a lot of time is consumed in commuting.
- Improve public transport like buses and trains.
- Make more roads or widen existing ones.
- Encourage people to use cycles or walk for short trips.
- Set rules for car use, like odd-even days.
- Build flyovers or metro systems to reduce traffic.
(C) The question of law and order in the urban areas is serious.
- Increase the number of police in cities.
- Install cameras in public places to watch for crime.
- Punish criminals quickly to scare others.
- Teach people about laws and safety.
- Create jobs so unemployed people don’t turn to crime.
(D) The problem of pollution is grave because of urbanisation.
- Reduce factory smoke by using clean energy.
- Plant more trees to clean the air.
- Stop throwing waste into rivers and lakes.
- Make strict rules for vehicles to lower air pollution.
- Tell people to use less plastic and recycle more.
(E) Migration has created questions of health and education in urban areas.
- Build more schools for migrant children.
- Open health clinics in crowded areas.
- Provide clean water and sanitation for everyone.
- Train teachers and doctors to work in cities.
- Run health camps to check and treat people.
Q2. Match the correct pairs:
(1) Technological development and mechanisation → (D) Urbanisation
(2) Permanently staying away from your original place → (C) Migration
(3) 75% males are engaged in non-agricultural occupation → (A) Urban areas
(4) The problems of solid waste → (B) Lack of planning
Q3. Outline the importance/advantages of the following:
(A) Technology and mechanisation
- Makes work faster and easier in cities.
- Helps grow industries and businesses.
- Reduces the need for many workers in farms.
- Brings new machines to improve life.
- Increases city development.
(B) Trade
- Brings goods to cities from far places.
- Helps people buy what they need.
- Creates jobs in shops and transport.
- Makes cities grow bigger and richer.
- Connects different areas together.
(C) Industrialisation
- Builds factories that give jobs.
- Turns villages into cities.
- Increases money in the area.
- Brings new technology to people.
- Helps make more goods quickly.
(D) Amenities in urban areas
- Provides schools and hospitals.
- Makes travel easy with good roads.
- Gives water, electricity, and lights.
- Helps people live comfortably.
- Attracts more people to cities.
(E) Social harmony in the cities
- People from different places live together.
- Sharing cultures makes life fun.
- Stops fights between groups.
- Helps everyone work as a team.
- Builds peace in the city.
Q.4 Compare the following and give examples:
| (A) Transportation system vs Traffic jams |
|---|
| Transportation systems help people and goods move easily across cities. |
| But if more people use their own vehicles and roads are not enough, traffic jams happen. |
| Example: Mumbai has trains and buses, but still faces big traffic jams due to too many vehicles. |
| (B) Industrialisation vs Air pollution |
|---|
| Industries give jobs and improve economy. |
| But smoke and waste from industries cause air pollution. |
| Example: In cities like Delhi, industrial smoke mixes with vehicle smoke, increasing pollution. |
| (C) Migration vs Slums |
|---|
| People migrate to cities in search of jobs and better life. |
| But if they don’t find proper houses, they build slums. |
| Example: In Mumbai, many poor people live in slums like Dharavi due to migration. |
| (D) Amenities vs Increasing crime rate |
|---|
| Cities have hospitals, schools, roads, and markets as amenities. |
| But when people don’t get jobs or houses, some turn to crime. |
| Example: In big cities, theft and other crimes increase if people struggle to survive. |
Q5. Complete the table:
| Process of urbanisation | Effects |
|---|---|
| Emergence of slums | Illegal settlements, insufficient facilities |
| Migration | Increase in population because of attraction of good lifestyle, can be short-term or long-term |
| Pollution | Air, water, and noise pollution increase, harms health |
| Change from rural to urban | Employment opportunities were generated, increase in amenities and facilities |
Q.6 Explain :
(A) The growth of cities takes place in a specific method: Cities grow in a step-by-step way. First, a few people come to work. Then, they need houses, roads, hospitals, and schools. Slowly, the village becomes a town, then a city.
(B) A planned city of your imagination: A good city should have wide roads, clean water, electricity, parks, schools, and hospitals. It should also have good public transport, recycling systems, and be pollution-free.
(C) Industrialisation causes cities to develop: When factories are built, people get jobs. Roads, markets, houses, and schools grow around factories. This turns villages into towns or cities.
(D) Pollution – A problem: Pollution from factories, vehicles, and garbage harms air, water, and health. It causes breathing problems, dirty water, and bad smell in cities.
(E) Swachchh Bharat Abhiyan: This is a government campaign started to keep India clean. It encourages people to stop littering, build toilets, and keep public places neat and tidy.
Q7. Suggest measures for the following problems of urbanisation shown in the following pictures:
(Air Pollution)
- Use electric cars instead of petrol ones.
- Plant trees to clean the air.
- Stop burning trash in cities.
- Check factory smoke with rules.
- Tell people to use less fuel.
(Water Pollution)
- Don’t throw waste in rivers.
- Clean water before it goes to homes.
- Build treatment plants for dirty water.
- Stop factories from dumping chemicals.
- Teach people to save water.
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