Geography Notes Chapter 11 Transport and Communication Class 9 Maharashtra Board

Notes For All Chapters – Geography Class 9th

1. Introduction

• What it’s about: This chapter explains how transport and communication help people and goods move and share information.
• Why it matters: They are basic needs for a country’s growth. Good transport and communication make life easier and help the economy.

2. Transport

Definition: Transport means moving people or goods from one place to another.

Types of Transport Routes:

• Roadways: Roads for vehicles like rickshaws, trucks, and buses.
• Railways: Tracks for trains.
• Waterways: Rivers, seas, or canals for boats and ships.
• Airways: Sky routes for planes and helicopters.
• Pipelines: Tubes for carrying liquids like oil or gas.

Examples of Transport Means and Uses:

• Rickshaw (Roadways): Carries passengers short distances.
• Truck (Roadways): Moves goods like vegetables or furniture.
• Metro (Railways): Fast travel for city passengers.
• Helicopter (Airways): Quick travel or emergencies.
• Submarine (Waterways): Underwater travel or research.
• Mules (Roadways): Carry goods in hilly areas.
• Ships (Waterways): Move heavy freight like mangoes overseas.

Choosing Transport:

• Factors to consider: Time, cost, distance, safety, and type of goods.

Examples:

• • Emergency (Nagpur to Bhopal): Take a flight (airways) because it’s fastest.
  • Cleanliness Message (to Kanyakumari, no time limit): Use roadways (bus or bike) to visit many places slowly.
  • Mangoes (Konkan to Arab countries): Use waterways (ships) for large amounts, then airways for freshness.
  • Rice (Pune to Cape Town, low cost): Use waterways (ships) as it’s cheaper for long distances.
  • Vegetables (Nandurbar to Surat): Use railways (RoRo) or roadways (trucks) via highways for quick sale.
  • Singapore (10 days): Use airways from a nearby city for speed and comfort.

Why Transport Matters:

• Saves time and money.
• Makes travel comfortable.
• Keeps goods safe.
• Helps trade, industries, jobs, and tourism grow.

3. Transport and Geography

Transport Networks:

• Dense Network: Many roads and railways close together (e.g., central Satara district).
• Sparse Network: Fewer routes (e.g., western Satara due to hills).
• No Routes: Areas with obstacles like mountains or water (e.g., Sahyadris).

Why Networks Differ:

• Physiography: Flat plains have more routes; hilly areas have fewer.
• Example (Satara District):
  • West: Hilly Sahyadris, high elevation, sparse routes.
  • Central: Flat, dense routes with highways and railways.
  • East: Medium elevation, medium routes.

Key Point: Geography (hills, rivers, plains) decides where transport can go.

4. Special Transport Ideas

Green Corridor:

• What: Clearing all routes to rush organs from a donor to a patient.
• Why: Saves lives by being super fast.

RoRo (Roll-on Roll-off):

• What: Trucks with goods ride on trains, then drive off.
• Why: Cheaper than trucks alone, saves fuel, reduces pollution.
• Example: Started in Konkan Railway.

5. Communication

Definition: Sharing information between people.

Types:

• Conventional (Old): Letters, newspapers, telegrams.
• Modern (New): Mobiles, TV, internet, satellites.

Examples of Communication Tools:

• Mobile Towers: Help phones work.
• Post Offices (GPO Mumbai): Send letters and parcels.
• Newspaper Stalls: Share daily news.

Why Communication Matters:

• Fast way to share news, weather, or ideas.
• Helps with trade, payments, and planning (e.g., using satellites).

6. Modern Communication

Satellites:

• Uses: TV shows, phone calls, weather updates, maps.
• How: Man-made satellites in space send signals to Earth.

Internet and Apps:

• Examples: BHIM app, SBI Anywhere for payments.
• Uses: Pay bills, buy things, chat with friends.

New Features:

• Video Calls: See and talk to people far away.
• Video-Conferencing: Talk to many people at once.

7. Dangers of Communication

Cyber Crimes:

• Examples: Hacking, fraud, stealing data.
• What Happens: People lock files (ransomware) or trick you online.
• Safety Tips: Don’t share personal info on social media or unsafe sites.

Cyber Wars: Countries attack each other’s websites or systems.

8. Key Benefits of Transport and Communication

Transport Benefits:

• Connects regions.
• Reduces scarcity (e.g., moves vegetables to markets).
• Boosts trade and tourism.

Communication Benefits:

• Quick sharing of info.
• Helps in education and daily life (e.g., weather forecasts).