Question Answers For All Chapters – History Class 8
Exercise
1. (A) Rewrite the statements by choosing the appropriate options.
1.The Servants of India Society was founded by:
- (d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
2.The first session of Indian National Congress was held at:
- (b) Mumbai
3.Geeta Rahasya was written by:
- (a) Lokmanya Tilak
(B) Write the names.
1. Moderate Leaders:
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale
- Ferozshah Mehta
2. Extremist Leaders:
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- Lala Lajpat Rai
2. Explain the following statements with reasons.
1. In the struggle for independence, a sense of identity was awakened among the Indians:
- The study of ancient Indian history, the spread of western education, and the contribution of newspapers helped Indians realize their glorious past.
- The Indian people started to understand their cultural heritage, which increased their feeling of nationalism and the desire for independence.
2. Two groups were formed in the Indian National Congress:
- Due to ideological differences, the Congress was divided into Moderates and Extremists.
- Moderates believed in peaceful and constitutional methods, while Extremists wanted to adopt aggressive means to achieve independence.
3. Lord Curzon decided to partition Bengal:
- The British wanted to weaken the growing national movement by creating a division between Hindus and Muslims.
- Lord Curzon used the excuse of administrative convenience to divide Bengal in 1905, but the true intention was to implement the “Divide and Rule” policy.
3. Write Short Notes.
1. Objectives of Indian National Congress:
- To bring people of different religions, languages, and regions together on a common platform.
- To promote feelings of unity and national awareness.
- To express the political aspirations of Indians and demand social and political reforms.
2. Anti-Partition Movement:
- It was a protest against the partition of Bengal in 1905, which was seen as a British attempt to divide the nation.
- Leaders like Surendranath Banerjee and Rabindranath Tagore organized protests, including the singing of “Vande Mataram” and the Raksha Bandhan ceremony as a symbol of unity.
3. Four Point Program of Indian National Congress:
- Swaraj (Self-rule)
- Swadeshi (Use of indigenous goods)
- National Education
- Boycott of British goods and institutions
4. Explain the background behind the establishment of the Indian National Congress with the help of the following points.
1. Centralisation of Administration:
- The British united India under a centralized system of administration.
- This uniformity across the country fostered a sense of national identity.
2. Economic Exploitation:
- British policies led to the decline of Indian industries and the impoverishment of farmers.
- High land taxes and the forced cultivation of cash crops increased economic hardship, leading to resentment against British rule.
3.Western Education:
- Western education introduced new ideas like liberty, equality, and democracy.
- Educated Indians began to question British policies and demand rights and reforms.
4. Study of Ancient Indian History:
- Research by Indian scholars like Dr. Bhau Daji Lad and Dr. R.G. Bhandarkar revived pride in India’s cultural heritage.
- This renewed sense of identity fueled the desire for self-rule.
5. Role of Newspapers:
- Newspapers such as Kesari, Mahratta, and Amrit Bazar Patrika spread awareness and criticized British policies.
- They played a key role in mobilizing public opinion and fostering the spirit of nationalism.
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