Exercises
(A) How is sand that flows in a river formed?
- Sand is formed due to the breaking down of rocks over time.
- Rocks break due to wind, water, and weathering.
- River water carries these small rock pieces, which turn into sand.
(B) Which of the following monuments are built in igneous rock?
- The Taj Mahal – ❌ (Made of marble, which is metamorphic rock)
- Fort Raigad – ✅ (Made of basalt, which is igneous rock)
- The Red Fort – ❌ (Made of sandstone, which is sedimentary rock)
- Ellora Sculptures – ✅ (Carved from basalt, an igneous rock)
(C) Find the Differences
1) Difference between Igneous and Sedimentary Rocks
| Igneous Rocks | Sedimentary Rocks |
|---|---|
| Formed from cooling of lava or magma | Formed by depositing of small rock particles |
| Hard and heavy | Light and brittle |
| Do not contain fossils | May contain fossils |
| Example: Basalt, Granite | Example: Sandstone, Limestone |
2) Difference between Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks
| Sedimentary Rocks | Metamorphic Rocks |
|---|---|
| Formed by layering of sediments | Formed by heat and pressure on rocks |
| Light and brittle | Hard and heavy |
| Contain fossils | Do not contain fossils |
| Example: Shale, Sandstone | Example: Marble, Slate |
3) Difference between Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks
| Igneous Rocks | Metamorphic Rocks |
|---|---|
| Formed from cooling of magma/lava | Formed when existing rocks change due to heat and pressure |
| Do not contain fossils | Do not contain fossils |
| Hard and heavy | Very hard and shiny |
| Example: Basalt, Granite | Example: Marble, Quartzite |
(D) Which types of rocks are predominantly found at the following locations?
- Central Maharashtra → Basalt (Igneous Rock)
- South Konkan → Laterite (Sedimentary Rock)
- Vidarbha → Granite and Basalt (Igneous Rocks)
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