1. What is Weather?
- Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular place and time.
- It can be hot, cold, windy, rainy, cloudy, or sunny.
- Weather changes frequently and affects our daily activities.
Examples of Weather Conditions:
- A hot and sunny day in Bhopal.
- A cloudy and humid afternoon in Kochi.
- A cool and mild day in Mussoorie.
2. What is Climate?
- Climate is the average weather condition of a place over a long period of time (many years).
- It does not change frequently like the weather.
- Climate is described as hot and humid, cool and dry, or hot and dry.
Examples of Climate Conditions:
- Rajasthan has a hot and dry climate.
- Mumbai has a hot and humid climate.
- Shimla has a cold and cool climate.
3. Difference Between Weather and Climate
| Feature | Weather | Climate |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | The condition of the atmosphere at a particular time | The average weather of a place over many years |
| Duration | Short-term (changes daily) | Long-term (remains same for years) |
| Examples | A rainy day, a sunny afternoon | Desert climate, coastal climate |
| Changes | Changes frequently | Changes very slowly |
| Affects | Daily activities (clothes, transport) | Lifestyle and occupations |
4. Elements of Weather
The weather is described using five main elements:
1. Temperature
- The heat in the air due to sunlight.
- The temperature is high near the equator and low near the poles.
2. Air Pressure
- Air has weight, and it creates pressure on the Earth’s surface.
- Air pressure is high near sea level and low at higher altitudes.
3. Winds
- Wind is moving air from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas.
- The speed of the wind depends on the difference in air pressure.
4. Moisture (Humidity)
- The amount of water vapour in the air.
- When moisture is high, the weather feels humid (like near the sea).
5. Precipitation
- Water falls from clouds in the form of rain, snow, or hailstones.
- Precipitation provides water for plants, animals, and humans.
5. Factors Affecting Climate
The climate of a place depends on:
- Latitude → Places near the equator are hotter, and places near the poles are colder.
- Altitude (Height above sea level) → Higher places (mountains) are cooler than low areas.
- Distance from the sea → Places near the sea have a humid climate, while places far from the sea are dry.
- Winds → Winds bring rain, heat, or cold air, affecting the temperature.
- Ocean Currents → Warm ocean currents make the climate hotter, and cold ocean currents make it cooler.
6. Why is the Climate Different in Different Places?
- Mahabaleshwar is cool because it is at a high altitude (hill station).
- Mumbai is humid because it is close to the sea.
- Rajasthan is hot and dry because it is far from the sea and has less moisture.
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