1. What is an Urban Local Government?
- In cities and towns, the Urban Local Government manages public services.
- It looks after water supply, roads, sanitation, streetlights, and waste management.
- Urban Local Government is divided into three types:
- Nagar Panchayat (for small towns)
- Municipal Council (for medium-sized towns)
- Municipal Corporation (for big cities)
2. Nagar Panchayat (Town Council)
- Where it works: In small towns that are developing into cities.
- Who elects it: The people elect members every 5 years.
- Head: The President leads the Nagar Panchayat.
- Chief Officer: Appointed by the government to manage daily work.
Functions of Nagar Panchayat:
- Provides clean drinking water.
- Maintains roads, streetlights, and sanitation.
- Manages waste disposal and public toilets.
- Ensures primary education and healthcare.
- Collects taxes for development.
3. Municipal Council (Nagar Parishad)
- Where it works: In medium-sized towns.
- Who elects it: People elect councilors every 5 years.
- Head: The President leads the council.
- Chief Officer: Manages the administration and ensures rules are followed.
Functions of Municipal Council:
- Provides clean water and sanitation.
- Maintains roads, gardens, and public spaces.
- Builds schools, hospitals, and markets.
- Controls pollution and cleanliness.
- Collects property tax, water tax, and other charges.
4. Municipal Corporation (Mahanagar Palika)
- Where it works: In large cities with a high population.
- Who elects it: People elect corporators every 5 years.
- Head: The Mayor represents the city but has a ceremonial role.
- Municipal Commissioner: Appointed by the government to run daily administration.
Functions of Municipal Corporation:
- Provides safe drinking water and electricity.
- Maintains wide roads, flyovers, and public transport.
- Manages hospitals, schools, and fire services.
- Controls waste disposal and pollution.
- Ensures law and order in the city.
5. Committees in a Municipal Corporation
- Health Committee – Looks after hospitals and sanitation.
- Education Committee – Manages schools and libraries.
- Transport Committee – Plans roads, buses, and traffic.
- Environment Committee – Controls pollution and waste disposal.
6. Sources of Income for Urban Local Bodies
- Taxes – Property tax, water tax, education tax, and market tax.
- Government Grants – Money from the State and Central Government.
- Fees and Fines – Collected from businesses and rule violations.
7. Importance of Reservation in Local Government
- Some seats are reserved for women, Scheduled Castes (SC), and Backward Classes.
- This ensures equal representation and fair decision-making.
8. Importance of Urban Local Government
- Keeps cities clean and organized.
- Provides basic services like water, electricity, and roads.
- Ensures proper healthcare, education, and public safety.
- Helps in city development and pollution control.
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