Important Questions For All Chapters – Political Science Class 12
India and the World
Short Questions
1. What is the main goal of Indian foreign policy?
Answer: International peace and security
2. Which article of the Constitution mentions foreign policy?
Answer: Article 51
3. What is Non-Alignment?
Answer: Not joining any military alliance
4. Who gave the first speech on Indian foreign policy in 1946?
Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru
5. When was the first NAM summit held?
Answer: 1961
6. What does ASEAN stand for?
Answer: Association of Southeast Asian Nations
7. Which two countries signed a treaty in 1971 with India?
Answer: Soviet Union (Friendship Treaty)
8. What does ‘Look East Policy’ aim for?
Answer: Strengthening ties with East Asian countries
9. Which sea route project focuses on port development in India?
Answer: Sagarmala
10. Name India’s main trading partner in Southeast Asia.
Answer: Singapore
11. Which country supported India in the 1971 Bangladesh war?
Answer: Soviet Union
12. Which organisation was created for Indian Ocean cooperation?
Answer: IORA (Indian Ocean Rim Association)
13. Which country does not share a direct border with India?
Answer: Afghanistan
14. What kind of government did India help Bhutan establish?
Answer: Constitutional monarchy
15. What does the Bharatmala project focus on?
Answer: Road connectivity
Long Questions
1. What are the main objectives of Indian foreign policy?
Answer: The objectives include promoting peace, protecting sovereignty, boosting economic growth, and ensuring national security. Since the 1990s, integration with the global economy has also been a priority.
2. Explain the principle of Non-Alignment.
Answer: India followed a policy of staying neutral in Cold War politics. It avoided military alliances and promoted peaceful co-existence and independent foreign policy.
3. What were Nehru’s views on foreign policy in his 1946 speech?
Answer: Nehru emphasized peace, non-alignment, and friendly ties with major powers like the US, USSR, and China. He highlighted Asia’s importance in India’s foreign policy.
4. How did geography influence India’s foreign policy?
Answer: India’s long coastline, mountain borders, and central location in South Asia shaped its focus on regional security and oceanic control.
5. Describe India’s relations with the United States.
Answer: Initially tense during the Cold War, relations improved after 2000, especially post the 2008 Civil Nuclear Agreement. Today, India and the US are strategic and trade partners.
6. What is the nature of India-China relations?
Answer: The relationship has been both cooperative and tense. Despite trade and diplomatic efforts, border disputes and China’s support to Pakistan remain major issues.
7. What role does India play in the Indian Ocean region?
Answer: India ensures security of trade routes, protects maritime borders, and uses naval power to support foreign policy goals. Projects like Sagarmala enhance this role.
8. How has India’s foreign policy changed after 1991?
Answer: After liberalisation, India adopted a more interest-based foreign policy. It formed new trade, strategic and technological ties with major global powers.
9. What are India’s relations with its neighbours like?
Answer: India maintains mixed relations with neighbours. Ties with Bhutan and Bangladesh are friendly, but issues persist with Pakistan, China, and Sri Lanka.
10. Why is Africa important in India’s foreign policy?
Answer: Africa is vital for energy security, trade, strategic relations, and due to the Indian diaspora. India supports development and anti-colonial movements in Africa.
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