Important Questions For All Chapters – Political Science Class 12
Key Concepts and Issues since 1991: Globalisation
Short Questions
1. What is globalization?
Answer: World interconnectedness.
2. When did globalization become a widely used term?
Answer: Early 1990s.
3. What replaced GATT in 1995?
Answer: World Trade Organization.
4. What does WTO promote?
Answer: Free trade.
5. Name one Indian company investing abroad.
Answer: Tata.
6. What is a transnational company?
Answer: Borderless corporation.
7. What is the service sector?
Answer: Provides services.
8. What does TRIPs deal with?
Answer: Intellectual property.
9. What is a participatory state?
Answer: Involves all society.
10. Name one non-state actor.
Answer: Amnesty International.
11. What is economic liberalism in India?
Answer: Market-friendly policies.
12. What revolutionized global communication in the 1990s?
Answer: Internet.
13. What is global cosmopolitan culture?
Answer: Western-influenced culture.
14. What is a negative aspect of globalization?
Answer: Fear of local business loss.
15. What is the primary sector?
Answer: Farming, mining.
Long Questions
1. What changes occurred in trade after the 1990s?
Answer: Trade expanded to include services and intellectual property, and the WTO replaced GATT to promote free trade globally.
2. How has globalization affected the Indian agricultural sector?
Answer: It opened new markets for farmers to sell products directly to companies, but small farmers face competition from big corporations.
3. What is the role of non-state actors in globalization?
Answer: Non-state actors like NGOs promote humanitarian issues and influence policies, challenging state authority in global matters.
4. How did technology change communication in India during the 1990s?
Answer: Satellite TV, mobile phones, and the internet replaced limited Doordarshan broadcasts and trunk calls, connecting people instantly.
5. What is the difference between a multinational and a transnational company?
Answer: A multinational company has one home country controlling operations, while a transnational company operates without a fixed base.
6. Why is investment in infrastructure important for India?
Answer: Infrastructure investment builds roads, railways, and airports, which are key for development, unlike consumer sector investments.
7. How has globalization impacted Indian culture?
Answer: It introduced western trends like fast food and individualism, but traditional festivals and values are still celebrated.
8. What is the importance of a participatory state in democracy?
Answer: A participatory state involves all societal groups in policymaking, ensuring fairer decisions and better governance.
9. How does globalization challenge state sovereignty?
Answer: International laws, NGOs, and global markets limit state control, while internal issues like ethnic nationalism also reduce authority.
10. What are the positive aspects of globalization for Indian youth?
Answer: Globalization offers new job opportunities, global awareness, and better connectivity, especially through private sector growth.
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