Short Questions
1. How does entertainment enhance work efficiency?
Answer : It refreshes the mind and boosts physical energy, improving performance.
2. What role do hobbies play in personality development?
Answer : Hobbies foster creativity, discipline, and confidence, shaping a well-rounded personality.
3. What evidence suggests puppetry existed in ancient civilizations?
Answer : Clay doll remains from Harappan, Egyptian, and Greek sites indicate puppet use.
4. How do puppeteers make Kathputali shows engaging?
Answer : They use light, sound effects, and a skilled sutradhara to narrate vividly.
5. What is the cultural significance of Dashavatara theatre in Konkan?
Answer : It celebrates Vishnu’s incarnations, uniting communities post-harvest with music and storytelling.
6. Why is the sutradhara crucial in Dashavatara performances?
Answer : The sutradhara narrates and invokes deities, guiding the show’s flow and success.
7. How does Chakri Bhajan differ from Songi Bhajan in performance style?
Answer : Chakri involves continuous singing in a circular movement; Songi uses dialogue-based devotional songs.
8. Which north Indian saints’ bhajans influenced the Bhakti movement?
Answer : Tulsidas, Surdas, Meerabai, and Kabir composed widely popular devotional bhajans.
9. What distinguishes Varakari Keertan from Haridasi Keertan?
Answer : Varakari emphasizes collective participation with cymbals, while Haridasi is a solo performance.
10. How did Rashtriya Keertan contribute to India’s independence movement?
Answer : It narrated stories of leaders and reformers to inspire patriotism and awareness.
11. What is the purpose of Lalit performances during festivals?
Answer : Lalit invokes deities to ensure community harmony, happiness, and prejudice-free interactions.
12. Why are Saint Eknath’s Bharuds effective in educating people?
Answer : Their metaphorical style, humor, and rhythm make ethical lessons engaging and memorable.
13. How does the Vag in Tamasha enhance its entertainment value?
Answer : The Vag’s spontaneous humor and lively drama captivate audiences, making shows entertaining.
14. What historical significance does Adnyandas’ Powada hold?
Answer : It vividly narrates Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s killing of Afzal Khan, inspiring valor.
15. How did Vishnudas Bhave adapt Dashavatara for Marathi theatre?
Answer : He modified its style to stage Seetaswayamvar, introducing structured mythological plays.
16. What social critique is presented in the play Sharada by Govind Ballal Deval?
Answer : It humorously criticizes the practice of marrying young girls to older men.
17. How did Keechakvadh metaphorically oppose British rule?
Answer : It portrayed Draupadi as India and Keechaka as Lord Curzon, denouncing imperialism.
18. What was Dadasaheb Phalke’s contribution to Indian cinema?
Answer : He directed Raja Harischandra, India’s first full-length film, in 1913, pioneering cinema.
19. Why was Sant Tukaram film significant internationally? It gained acclaim at the Paris film festival for its portrayal of devotion.
20. How do historians ensure historical accuracy in films? They advise on period-specific backdrops, costumes, and dialogues to reflect authentic history.
Long Questions
1. Why do we need entertainment in our lives?
Answer : Entertainment keeps our minds fresh and lively. It helps us feel energetic and improves our work efficiency. Hobbies and games also help in personality development.
2. What is the difference between active and passive entertainment?
Answer : Active entertainment involves mental or physical participation, like playing sports or doing crafts. Passive entertainment means watching or listening, like seeing a movie or hearing music. Both refresh us in different ways.
3. What is Kathputali puppetry, and where is it performed?
Answer : Kathputali is a traditional Indian puppetry art using wooden or other puppets. It is performed in states like Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Kerala. The sutradhara narrates to make the show lively.
4. What is Dashavatara theatre, and what stories does it tell?
Answer : Dashavatara is a folk theatre in Konkan and Goa, performed after the harvest. It tells stories of the 10 incarnations of Lord Vishnu, like Ram and Krishna. The show uses music, masks, and ends with breaking a curd pot.
5. How is Bhajan performed, and what are its types?
Answer : Bhajan involves singing devotional songs with instruments like cymbals or mridangam. Its types are Chakri Bhajan, where devotees sing while moving in circles, and Songi Bhajan, with dialogues in songs. It praises God and brings peace.
6. What is Keertan, and who was the first keertankar in Maharashtra?
Answer : Keertan is a performance of singing and narrating stories to praise God. Saint Namdev was the first keertankar in Maharashtra. It combines music, dance, and storytelling to inspire devotion.
7. What is Lalit, and where is it popular?
Answer : Lalit is an old theatrical entertainment form in Maharashtra, part of Naradiya Keertan. It is popular in Goa and Konkan, where stories of Krishna or Rama are performed. It invokes deities for community happiness.
8. What is Bharud, and why is it popular in Maharashtra?
Answer : Bharud is a metaphorical song with spiritual and ethical lessons, composed by Saint Eknath. It is popular in Maharashtra for its dramatic style, humor, and easy rhythm. It educates people on life’s aspects.
9. What is Tamasha, and what are its types?
Answer : Tamasha is a folk theatre art meaning ‘pleasing sight,’ developed in the 18th century. Its types are Sangeet Bari, focusing on music and dance, and Dholakicha Phad, which includes drama. It starts with Gana and includes lively Vag.
10. What is Powada, and what are some examples?
Answer : Powada is a dramatic ballad narrating heroic deeds in poetry and prose. Examples include Adnyandas’ Powada on Afzal Khan’s killing and Tulasidas’ on the Sinhagad battle. It inspires with its forceful style.
11. How did Marathi theatre begin, and who was its pioneer?
Answer : Marathi theatre began with Vishnudas Bhave, who staged Seetaswayamvar in the 19th century. He modified Dashavatara styles to create mythological plays. His work laid the foundation for modern Marathi theatre.
12. Why is Maharashtra important in the Indian film industry?
Answer : Maharashtra nurtured the Indian film industry with the first movie, Raja Harischandra, by Dadasaheb Phalke in 1913. Pioneers like Baburao Painter and studios like Bombay Talkies developed it. Many historical and mythological films were made here.
13. What role did Dadasaheb Phalke play in Indian cinema?
Answer : Dadasaheb Phalke directed India’s first full-length movie, Raja Harischandra, in 1913. He also made silent films like Mohini Bhasmasur and documentaries on caves and pilgrim sites. His work started the Indian film industry.
14. How can historians contribute to the film industry?
Answer : Historians help create accurate movie backdrops, costumes, and dialogues by studying the culture and language of a period. They work as art directors or consultants. Their expertise ensures films reflect historical truth.
15. What professional opportunities are there in drama for history students?
Answer : History students can work as art directors to design accurate stage backdrops or as consultants for scripts and dialogues. They use knowledge of historical arts, architecture, and languages. This helps make dramas realistic and engaging.
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