Short Questions
1. What is the population of India according to the 2011 Census?
Answer : India’s population is around 121 crores (1.21 billion).
2. Which country is the second most populous in the world?
Answer : India is the second most populous country in the world.
3. What is India’s average population density as per the 2011 Census?
Answer : India’s average population density is 382 persons per sq. km.
4. Which Indian state has the highest population density?
Answer : Uttar Pradesh has the highest population density.
5. Which Indian state has the lowest population density?
Answer : Arunachal Pradesh has the lowest population density.
6. Why is population concentrated in India’s northern plains?
Answer : Fertile land and water availability make the northern plains densely populated.
7. What is the population of Brazil according to the 2010 Census?
Answer : Brazil’s population is around 19 crores (190 million).
8. What is Brazil’s average population density?
Answer : Brazil’s average population density is 23 persons per sq. km.
9. Where is Brazil’s population greatly concentrated?
Answer : Brazil’s population is concentrated in the southeast and eastern coastal plains.
10. Why is the Amazon Basin sparsely populated?
Answer : The Amazon Basin is sparsely populated due to dense forests and inaccessibility.
11. What is the sex ratio in Brazil?
Answer : Brazil’s sex ratio is more than 1000 (more females than males).
12. What is the sex ratio in India?
Answer : India’s sex ratio is less than 1000 (more males than females).
13. What does a population pyramid show?
Answer : A population pyramid shows the age and sex distribution of a population.
14. Which country has a higher proportion of youth?
Answer : India has a higher proportion of youth.
15. Which country has a higher proportion of elderly people?
Answer : Brazil has a higher proportion of elderly people.
16. What is the growth rate trend in Brazil?
Answer : Brazil’s population growth rate is declining significantly.
17. What is India’s population growth trend?
Answer : India’s population growth rate is declining but still growing.
18. What is the life expectancy in Brazil (2016)?
Answer : The life expectancy in Brazil is 75 years.
19. What is the life expectancy in India (2016)?
Answer : The life expectancy in India is 68 years.
20. Which country has a higher literacy rate?
Answer : Brazil has a higher literacy rate than India.
Long Questions
1. Why is population considered an important resource for a country?
Answer : Population is an important resource because a skilled and educated workforce drives economic growth through industries and innovation. A healthy population also contributes to social progress by supporting communities and development projects.
2. Why is India’s population density so high compared to Brazil?
Answer : India’s high population density (382 persons per sq. km) results from its large population (121 crores) on a small land area (2.41% of the world). Brazil’s lower density (23 persons per sq. km) is due to its vast land area and sparse population in regions like the Amazon Basin.
3. How does physiography affect population distribution in India?
Answer : In India, flat and fertile northern plains with rivers support agriculture, attracting dense populations. Mountainous regions like the Himalayas and dry deserts like Rajasthan are sparsely populated due to tough terrain and lack of resources.
4. What factors lead to uneven population distribution in Brazil?
Answer : Brazil’s population is concentrated in the southeast and eastern coasts due to fertile land, industries, and ports. The Amazon Basin and central highlands are sparsely populated because of dense forests, heavy rainfall, and inaccessibility.
5. Why is the sex ratio in Brazil higher than in India?
Answer : Brazil’s sex ratio is above 1000 because the number of women has increased significantly since 2001, possibly due to better healthcare for females. In India, the sex ratio is below 1000 due to gender discrimination and practices like female infanticide.
6. How does the age structure of India differ from Brazil?
Answer : India has a higher proportion of youth and children, indicating a large working population. Brazil’s population is aging, with more elderly people, suggesting a higher dependency ratio in the future.
7. Why is Brazil’s population growth rate declining faster than India’s?
Answer : Brazil’s population growth rate is declining rapidly due to lower birth rates and better family planning, potentially stabilizing soon. India’s growth rate is also declining but remains higher due to a large youth population and slower adoption of family planning.
8. How does life expectancy reflect the development of a country?
Answer : Higher life expectancy, like Brazil’s 75 years compared to India’s 68 years, shows better healthcare, nutrition, and living conditions. It indicates social and economic development, as seen in Brazil’s progress over India.
9. Why is the literacy rate important for a country’s progress?
Answer : A higher literacy rate, like Brazil’s compared to India’s, enables people to gain skills and contribute to the economy through jobs and innovation. It also promotes social awareness and better quality of life, supporting national development.
10. What can be done to improve India’s sex ratio and control population growth?
Answer : To improve India’s sex ratio, campaigns like “Save Girl, Teach Girl” and laws against female infanticide can promote gender equality. Controlling population growth requires spreading awareness about family planning and improving healthcare to reduce infant mortality.
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