Short Questions
1. Which direction has regions in India with an altitude above 6000m?
Answer : The regions with an altitude above 6000m lie in the northern part of India.
2. Which south-flowing river is in the peninsular region of India?
Answer : The Kaveri River is a south-flowing river in the peninsular region.
3. In which river basin does the Kaveri River lie?
Answer : The Kaveri River lies in the Kaveri River basin.
4. What is the slope direction of the dark green region in northern India?
Answer : The slope of the dark green region in northern India is eastward.
5. Which peak is shown in the Eastern Ghats?
Answer : The Mahendragiri peak is shown in the Eastern Ghats.
6. Which mountains mark the deep plains of Brahmaputra?
Answer : The Eastern Himalayas mark the deep plains of Brahmaputra.
7. Where are the Nilgiri Hills located relative to other features?
Answer : The Nilgiri Hills are located in the southern part of the Western Ghats.
8. In which direction does the height of the Sahyadri hills increase?
Answer : The height of the Sahyadri hills increases towards the south.
9. Which river basins are divided by the Vindhyas?
Answer : The Vindhyas divide the Ganga and Narmada river basins.
10. What is the altitude range of the Amazon River basin?
Answer : The Amazon River basin has an altitude of less than 200 meters.
11. Between which highlands is the Amazon River basin located?
Answer : The Amazon River basin is located between the Guyana Highlands and Brazilian Highlands.
12. What is the locational extent of the 500-1000m altitude region in Brazil?
Answer : The 500-1000m altitude region in Brazil extends mainly in the southeastern part.
13. What do the isolated yellow regions in Brazil’s map indicate?
Answer : The isolated yellow regions indicate areas with an altitude of 500-1000 meters.
14. Where else in Brazil are regions with an altitude less than 200m found?
Answer : Regions with an altitude less than 200m are found in the Paraguay-Parana plains.
15. Which is the youngest range of the Himalayas?
Answer : The Siwaliks is the youngest range of the Himalayas.
16. What is the world’s largest delta formed by the Ganga-Brahmaputra system?
Answer : The Sunderbans is the world’s largest delta formed by the Ganga-Brahmaputra system.
17. Which desert occupies the western part of the North Indian Plains?
Answer : The Thar Desert occupies the western part of the North Indian Plains.
18. What is the highest peak in Brazil?
Answer : Pico de Neblina is the highest peak in Brazil.
19. What is the name of the largest wetland in Brazil?
Answer : Pantanal is the largest wetland in Brazil.
20. Which river in Brazil is navigable for about 250 km downstream?
Answer : The Sao Francisco River is navigable for about 250 km downstream.
Long Questions
1. What are the major physiographic divisions of India?
Answer : India is divided into five major physiographic divisions: the Himalayas, North Indian Plains, Peninsula, Coastal Plains, and Island groups. These divisions include young fold mountains, flat plains, plateaus, rocky and deltaic coasts, and coral and volcanic islands.
2. How are the Himalayas structured in India?
Answer : The Himalayas consist of parallel ranges like Siwaliks, Lesser Himalayas, Greater Himalayas (Himadri), and Trans-Himalayan ranges, arranged from south to north. They extend from Jammu and Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh and are divided into Western, Central, and Eastern Himalayas.
3. What are the characteristics of the North Indian Plains?
Answer : The North Indian Plains lie between the Himalayas and the Peninsula, stretching from Rajasthan to Assam, and are mostly flat and fertile. They include the Ganga Plains in the east and the Thar Desert and Punjab Plains in the west.
4. How does the Indian Peninsula differ from the North Indian Plains?
Answer : The Indian Peninsula, south of the North Indian Plains, is a region of plateaus and hill ranges like the Aravalis, Vindhyas, and Western and Eastern Ghats. Unlike the flat, fertile plains, it tapers towards the Indian Ocean and has varied terrain.
5. What are the key features of Brazil’s physiography?
Answer : Brazil’s physiography includes the Highlands, Great Escarpment, Coastal region, Plains, and Island groups, with large plateaus and small mountains. The Amazon basin and Paraguay-Parana plains are the main lowlands, while the coast has beaches and coral islands.
6. Why is the Great Escarpment significant in Brazil?
Answer : The Great Escarpment in Brazil, with an altitude of about 790m, marks the steep eastern edge of the Brazilian Highlands. It acts as a barrier to Southeast Trade winds, creating a rain-shadow area called the Drought Quadrilateral in the northeast.
7. How do the coastal plains of India differ between the east and west?
Answer : India’s western coast along the Arabian Sea is rocky, narrow, and has estuaries due to swift rivers from the Western Ghats. The eastern coast along the Bay of Bengal is wider, has deltas, and is formed by sediment deposition from slower rivers.
8. What makes the Amazon River basin unique?
Answer : The Amazon River basin, located between the Guyana and Brazilian Highlands, is the largest plain in Brazil, covered by tropical rainforests. Its wide, eastward-sloping basin has a huge discharge, preventing sediment deposition at the mouth, and supports navigation.
9. How do the drainage systems of India and Brazil differ?
Answer : India’s drainage includes Himalayan rivers (perennial, glacier-fed) like the Ganga and Indus, and peninsular rivers (seasonal, rain-fed) like the Godavari and Kaveri. Brazil’s drainage features the Amazon basin, Paraguay-Parana system, Sao Francisco, and short coastal rivers, with no glacier-fed rivers.
10. What are the key differences between the Ganga and Amazon river basins?
Answer : The Ganga basin, in northern India, is smaller, densely populated, and fed by Himalayan glaciers and monsoon rains, forming the Sunderbans delta. The Amazon basin, in northern Brazil, is larger, less populated, covered by rainforests, and has a wide mouth with islands, not a typical delta.
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